Int J Cancer. 2015 Dec 1;137(11):2705-14.
Subtypes of fruit and vegetables, variety in consumption and risk of colon and rectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
Leenders M1,2, Siersema PD1, Overvad K3,4, Tjønneland A5, Olsen A5, Boutron-Ruault MC6,7,8, Bastide N6,7,8, Fagherazzi G6,7,8, Katzke V9, Kühn T9, Boeing H10, Aleksandrova K10, Trichopoulou A11,12,13, Lagiou P12,13,14, Klinaki E11, Masala G15, Grioni S16, Santucci De Magistris M17, Tumino R18, Ricceri F19, Peeters PH20, Lund E21, Skeie G21, Weiderpass E21,22,23,24, Quirós JR25, Agudo A26, Sánchez MJ27,28, Dorronsoro M28,29, Navarro C28,30,31, Ardanaz E28,32, Ohlsson B33, Jirström K34, Van Guelpen B35, Wennberg M36, Khaw KT37, Wareham N37,38, Key TJ39, Romieu I40, Huybrechts I40, Cross AJ41, Murphy N41, Riboli E41, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB1,41,42,43.
Abstract
Previously, a lower risk of colorectal cancer was observed with fruit and vegetable consumption in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition within a follow-up period of 9 years which was not fully supported by a recent meta-analysis. Therefore, we were interested in the relation with extended follow-up, also focusing on single subtypes and a variety of intake of fruit and vegetables. Fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed at baseline. After an average of 13 years of follow-up, 3,370 participants were diagnosed with colon or rectal cancer. Diet diversity scores were constructed to quantify variety in fruit and vegetable consumption. A lower risk of colon cancer was observed with higher self-reported consumption of fruit and vegetable combined (HR Q4 vs. Q1 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-1.01, p for trend 0.02), but no consistent association was observed for separate consumption of fruits and vegetables. No associations with risk of rectal cancer were observed. The few observed associations for some fruit and vegetable subtypes with colon cancer risk may have been due to chance. Variety in consumption of fruits and vegetables was not associated with a lower risk of colon or rectal cancer. Although a lower risk of colon cancer is suggested with high consumption of fruit and vegetables, this study does not support a clear inverse association between fruit and vegetable consumption and colon or rectal cancer beyond a follow-up of more than 10 years. Attenuation of the risk estimates from dietary changes over time cannot be excluded, but appears unlikely.
© 2015 UICC.
PMID: 26077137 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]