Int J Cancer. 2013 Apr 1;132(7):1660-6.
Risk factors for gallbladder cancer: a case-control study.
Jain K, Sreenivas V, Velpandian T, Kapil U, Garg PK.
Source
Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition Unit, All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Abstract
Risk factors for gallbladder cancer (GBC) except gallstones are not well known.
The objective was to study the risk factors for GBC. In a case-control study,
200 patients with GBC, 200 healthy controls and 200 gallstones patients as
diseased controls were included prospectively. The risk factors studied were
related to socioeconomic profile, life style, reproduction, diet and bile acids.
On comparing GBC patients (mean age 51.7 years; 130 females) with healthy
controls, risk factors were chemical exposure [odd ratios (OR): 7.0 (2.7-18.2);
p < 0.001)], family history of gallstones [OR: 5.3 (1.5-18.9); p < 0.01)],
tobacco [OR: 4.1 (1.8-9.7); p < 0.001)], fried foods [OR: 3.1 (1.7-5.6); p <
0.001], joint family [OR: 3.2 (1.7-6.2); p < 0.001], long interval between meals
[OR: 1.4 (1.2-1.6); p < 0.001] and residence in Gangetic belt [OR: 3.3
(1.8-6.2); p < 0.001]. On comparing GBC cases with gallstone controls, risk
factors were female gender [OR: 2.4 (1.3-4.3); p = 0.004], residence in Gangetic
belt [OR: 2.3 (1.2-4.4); p = 0.012], fried foods [OR: 2.5 (1.4-4.4); p < 0.001],
diabetes [OR: 2.7 (1.2-6.4); p = 0.02)], tobacco [OR 3.8 (1.7-8.1); p < 0.001)]
and joint family [OR: 2.1 (1.2-3.4); p = 0.004]. The ratio of secondary to
primary bile acids was significantly higher in GBC cases than gallstone controls
(20.8 vs. 0.44). Fried foods, tobacco, chemical exposure, family history of
gallstones, residence in Gangetic belt and secondary bile acids were significant
risk factors for GBC.
Copyright © 2012 UICC.
PMID: 22890893 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]